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FPSC195 سوالات
System Analyst (BS-18) MCQs
Practice System Analyst (BS-18) multiple-choice questions for FPSC competitive exams. Each question includes the correct answer and a short explanation, and past-paper questions are marked so you can revise both repeated and fresh material in one place.
Charitable
Complicated
Deceitful
Ancient
وضاحتRelates to charity.
Were he to
understand the code
would not have
deleted it
وضاحتMixed conditional. Should be 'would not delete it'.
Mournful
Cheerful
Clumsy
Heavy
وضاحتLugubrious means sad; Cheerful is opposite.
A weapon of great power
An imminent, ever-present threat
A decisive action
A victory that costs too much
وضاحتAn imminent, ever-present threat.
against
to
for
from
وضاحتImpervious is followed by 'to'.
I insist that the developer tests the module.
I insist that the developer test the module.
I insist that the developer will test the module.
I insist the developer testing the module.
وضاحتSubjunctive uses base form 'test'.
did
has
had
does
وضاحتInversion required: 'Not only did...'
Surrepticious
Surreptitious
Surreptitios
Surreptishious
وضاحتSurreptitious (kept secret).
Flattery
Rebellion
Ignorance
Transparency
وضاحتObsequious behavior; flattery.
Dog : Pack
Bird : Flock
Fish : School
All of the above
وضاحتAll are correct animal group names.
has
have
is having
having
وضاحتRelative pronoun 'who' refers to plural 'engineers', so 'have'.
Exhaust
Invigorate
Confuse
Determine
وضاحتEnervate means to drain energy; Invigorate means to give energy.
Having compiled successfully, the developer pushed the code.
The developer pushed the code after compiling it.
Having compiled successfully, the code was pushed.
After successful compilation, the code was pushed.
وضاحتImplies the developer compiled, not the code.
To cut down trees
To waste time on an imaginary enemy
To attack an ally
To build infrastructure
وضاحتPursuing an impossible task.
from
of
for
with
وضاحتAbsolve takes 'of'.
Stagnant
Harsh
Harmonious
Complex
وضاحتSweet or musical; harmonious.
A new data center is being built.
A new data center was being built.
A new data center has been built.
A new data center is built.
وضاحتPresent continuous becomes 'is being built'.
The criteria
for selecting
is
highly rigorous
وضاحتCriteria is plural; verb must be 'are'.
Clarify
Confuse
Bury
Intensify
وضاحتObfuscate means to obscure; Clarify is opposite.
With the necessary changes having been made
In equal fault
From the beginning
By the fact itself
وضاحتLatin for 'necessary changes made'.
Each of the nodes are failing.
Each of the nodes is failing.
Each of the node is failing.
Each nodes are failing.
وضاحت'Each of' takes a plural noun but singular verb.
Helpful
Harmless
Gradually harmful
Loud
وضاحتHaving a harmful effect in a gradual way.
Enduring
Transient
Pervasive
Robust
وضاحتLasting for a very short time.
To pass a point of no return
To sign a peace treaty
To build a bridge
To forgive an enemy
وضاحتTo make an irrevocable decision.
Intensify
Subside
Prolong
Instigate
وضاحتTo become less intense.
Noise
Harmony
Dissonance
Clamor
وضاحتCacophony is harsh sound; harmony is opposite.
A hidden curse
Something good not recognized at first
A blatant lie
An obvious advantage
وضاحتGood result from apparent misfortune.
on
for
in
about
وضاحتInsist is followed by 'on'.
are
were
is
have been
وضاحتSubject 'bouquet' is singular.
Carpenter : Wood
Author : Book
Tailor : Needle
Chef : Recipe
وضاحتPrimary tool analogy.
She
does not
knows
how to swim
وضاحتBase verb 'know' must follow 'does not'.
Confusing
Clear
Dark
Heavy
وضاحتExpressed clearly.
Thrifty
Economical
Extravagant
Miserly
وضاحتFrugal is sparing; Extravagant is reckless.
To adopt a pet
To reveal a secret
To misplace something
To get angry
وضاحتReveal a secret accidentally.
in
with
by
into
وضاحتAbsorbed 'in' something.
Weak
Yielding
Persistent
Fragile
وضاحتKeeping a firm hold.
The meal was cooked by the chef.
The meal cooked the chef.
The chef is cooking the meal.
The meal had been cooked.
وضاحتObject becomes subject.
Improve
Worsen
Amend
Relieve
وضاحتAmeliorate means improve; Worsen is opposite.
Food : Hunger
Sleep : Bed
Fire : Heat
Book : Knowledge
وضاحتWater quenches thirst; food satisfies hunger.
Between
you and I
he is
wrong
وضاحتPrepositions take objective pronouns: 'you and me'.
To accuse
To clear from blame
To punish
To demand
وضاحتTo clear from blame or suspicion.
was
were
is
has been
وضاحتVerb agrees with closer subject (students).
Get a headache
Do exactly right
Make a mistake
Work as a carpenter
وضاحتDo or say something exactly right.
Deceitful
Frank
Shy
Reserved
وضاحتTruthful and straightforward.
by
to
with
in
وضاحتComply 'with'.
1
2
4
5
وضاحت3^6 = 1 mod 7. 200 = 6*33 + 2. Remainder is same as 3^2 mod 7 = 2.
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
6:00 PM
6:15 PM
وضاحت390 broken mins = 360 real mins = 6:00 PM.
2
4
8
16
وضاحتx^4 = 16. The 4th root of 16 is 2.
Article 58
Article 95
Article 112
Article 245
وضاحتArticle 95 deals with No-Confidence against the PM.
Khyber Pass
Bolan Pass
Broghil Pass
Khunjerab Pass
وضاحتBroghil Pass connects Chitral and Wakhan.
e^(2x)
2e^(2x)
xe^(2x)
e^x
وضاحتChain rule yields 2e^(2x).
200m
250m
300m
350m
وضاحتSpeed = 20m/s. Platform time = 15s. Length = 300m.
Bletchley Declaration
Kyoto Protocol
Geneva Convention
Rome Statute
وضاحتBletchley Declaration on AI safety.
Remote Execution Standard
Representational State Transfer
Reliable Enterprise System
Redundant Environment State
وضاحتRepresentational State Transfer.
Mangla Dam
Tarbela Dam
Aswan Dam
Hoover Dam
وضاحتTarbela Dam in Pakistan.
5 days
6 days
8 days
12 days
وضاحت1/10 + 1/15 = 1/6. Takes 6 days.
Liaquat Ali Khan
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
Iskander Mirza
Ayub Khan
وضاحتPM Chaudhry Muhammad Ali.
x^2
1/x^2
ln(x)
e^x
وضاحتIndefinite integral of 1/x is ln(x) + C.
Astana
Beijing
Islamabad
Moscow
وضاحتHosted in Astana, Kazakhstan.
2
3
4
6
وضاحت(2/3)πr^3 = 18π -> r^3 = 27 -> r=3.
2008
2010
2012
2015
وضاحتApril 2010.
345
445
450
460
وضاحت(x * mult) + mult. 88*5 + 5 = 445.
Media Access Control
Machine Access Code
Multiple Access Center
Memory Cache
وضاحتMedia Access Control.
21st
24th
25th
26th
وضاحت25th Amendment (2018).
20%
25%
15%
10%
وضاحتReduction = 25/125 = 20%.
Hissein Brahim Taha
Yousef Al-Othaimeen
Iyad Madani
Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu
وضاحتHissein Brahim Taha (2021-present).
Worm
Ransomware
Trojan Horse
Spyware
وضاحتTrojan Horse.
Thar
Cholistan
Thal
Kharan
وضاحتKharan Desert.
15%
20%
25%
30%
وضاحتProfit = 300. (300/1500)*100 = 20%.
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
وضاحتArticle 2 of 1973 Constitution.
12
14
16
18
وضاحت0.2 * 80 = 16.
20
25
16
30
وضاحت9 parts total. 1 part = 5. Boys = 20.
20
25
30
35
وضاحت90 * (5/18) = 25 m/s.
63
60
61
65
وضاحت(31 * 2) + 1 = 63.
4
5
6
8
وضاحتSum is 30. Average is 6.
Brazil & Argentina
Qatar & UAE
US, Canada, & Mexico
Germany & France
وضاحتNorth American countries.
Quaid-e-Azam
Liaquat Ali Khan
Iskander Mirza
Ayub Khan
وضاحتIskander Mirza (1956).
Punjab
Sindh
Balochistan
KPK
وضاحتSindh province.
O2
O3
CO2
H2O
وضاحتOzone is O3.
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
وضاحتAbsorb CO2 during photosynthesis.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hyper Transfer Text
Hypertext Transmission
Hyperlink Transfer
وضاحتHypertext Transfer Protocol.
Read Access Memory
Random Access Memory
Run Access Memory
Rapid Access
وضاحتRandom Access Memory.
Sindh
Punjab
Balochistan
KPK
وضاحتBalochistan province.
3000
4500
4000
5000
وضاحت60/min * 75 = 4500.
0.10
0.025
0.0025
0.05
وضاحت0.05 * 0.05 = 0.0025.
89,100
90,000
91,000
100,000
وضاحت81000 / 0.9 = 90,000.
35
40
45
50
وضاحت45 years.
144
196
216
256
وضاحت6^3 = 216.
India
Brazil
South Africa
Indonesia
وضاحتBrazil.
26
28
30
32
وضاحتNumbers: 20, 22, 24, 26, 28.
India
Iran
China
Afghanistan
وضاحتAfghanistan.
Sunday
Monday
Saturday
Friday
وضاحتToday is Wed. Yesterday Tue. 3 days before Tue is Saturday.
Karakoram
Himalayas
Hindu Kush
Kirthar
وضاحتKirthar Mountains.
Indian
Southern
Arctic
Atlantic
وضاحتArctic Ocean.
5.6
3.6
4.0
5.0
وضاحت(2+3+5+7+11)/5 = 28/5 = 5.6.
ROB
Reservation Stations
Branch Target Buffer
TLB
وضاحتReservation Stations hold operands and allow register renaming.
Direct Mapped
Fully Associative
Write-Through
Write-Back
وضاحتDirect mapped has only one possible block location. Associative needs LRU.
Total RAM
Set of pages actively referenced
Page table size
Swap space
وضاحتEstimates memory required by a process to prevent thrashing.
T=16, I=12, O=4
T=14, I=14, O=4
T=12, I=16, O=4
T=20, I=8, O=4
وضاحتBlocks=4096. I=12. O=4. T = 32-12-4 = 16.
Wait-For Graph
Resource Allocation Graph
Banker's Matrix
Ostrich
وضاحتMultiple-instance requires matrices (Banker's).
All OS in kernel
Keep essential services in kernel, drivers in user space
Remove kernel
Virtualize
وضاحتImproves stability by running most services in user-space.
9 ns
5 ns
31 ns
6.2 ns
وضاحتDictated by the slowest stage (9ns).
Zombie
Killed
Adopted by init
Panic
وضاحتOrphans adopted by PID 1 to prevent zombies.
2x
4x
10x
Infinite
وضاحت1 / 0.5 = 2x max speedup.
High yields to low
Low priority holds lock needed by high
Same priority
Random
وضاحتLow-priority task blocks high-priority task holding a mutex.
Thrashing
Belady's Anomaly
Fragmentation
Paging
وضاحتAdding more page frames can cause MORE page faults.
FCFS
Round Robin
SJF
Priority
وضاحتShortest Job First (SJF) is mathematically optimal.
Deletes file
Creates thread
Creates child process
Terminates
وضاحتCreates independent child process.
Memory conflict
Branch instructions
Lack of cache
Division by zero
وضاحتBranch instructions cause wrong address fetch.
Clock freq
ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism)
Cache
Seek time
وضاحتIssues multiple instructions per clock.
Stop network
Prioritize hardware signals to CPU
Power
Format drives
وضاحتHandles IRQs from peripherals.
Mutual Exclusion
Hold and Wait
No Preemption
Circular Wait
وضاحتNo Preemption means OS cannot force release.
High temp
Excessive page swapping
Deadlock
Network collision
وضاحتOS spends more time swapping than executing.
SJF
Priority
Round Robin
SRTF
وضاحتRound Robin guarantees CPU time slice.
Translation Lookaside Buffer
Table Look Buffer
Time Limit Band
Task Logic Block
وضاحتCaches virtual-to-physical translations.
RISC uses cache
RISC allows memory ops
CISC allows ops on memory; RISC uses load/store
None
وضاحتCISC operates directly on memory.
Simultaneous write
Written to memory only on eviction
Bypass cache
Queued
وضاحتModified block written to memory only when evicted.
Faster CPU
I/O accesses memory without CPU
No fragmentation
Compression
وضاحتOffloads memory transfers from CPU.
Switching monitors
Saving old process state, loading new
Changing kernel
User to kernel
وضاحتStoring CPU state for one process and restoring for another.
Consumes RAM
Terminated but in process table
Virus
Infinite loop
وضاحتFinished execution but not reaped by parent.
High clock speed
Processes execute out of order causing unpredictable results
No memory
Routing issue
وضاحتTiming/order affects output correctness.
Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line
System Protocol
Synchronous Process
Single Peripheral
وضاحتBuffers data for peripherals like printers.
exec()
spawn()
create()
fork()
وضاحتfork() duplicates calling process.
Mutex is int, Sem is bool
Mutex allows multiple
Mutex has ownership, Semaphore does not
No difference
وضاحتMutex is a locking mechanism with ownership.
Fragmentation
Thrashing
Deadlocks
Access
وضاحتKeeps track of active pages to prevent thrashing.
bad_alloc
bad_cast
exception
Nullptr
وضاحتThrows `std::bad_cast`.
High-level shouldn't depend on low-level
Single responsibility
Inheritance over composition
Segregate interfaces
وضاحتDetails should depend on abstractions.
E+N-2P
E-N+2P
N-E+P
E/N+2P
وضاحتV(G) = E - N + 2P.
Factory
Decorator
Strategy
Singleton
وضاحتStrategy encapsulates interchangeable algorithms.
Runtime vs no check
Safe conversions vs low-level bitwise casting
Upcast only
Identical
وضاحتreinterpret_cast does unsafe bitwise casting.
Variable modified externally; don't optimize reads
Constant
Virtual table
Thread-safe
وضاحتTells compiler not to optimize memory reads.
Global vars
Control flag
Share composite data structure, use only part
Modify code
وضاحتPassing a whole object when only a single field is needed.
Capacity
Velocity
Throughput
Burn-down
وضاحتVelocity adds story points of completed items.
Base first
Derived first, then base
Simultaneous
Only derived
وضاحتDerived-to-base.
Garbage collection
Resolving dynamic polymorphism
Multiple inheritance
Templates
وضاحتLookup table for dynamic method resolution.
Hiding data
Multiple parents
Objects responding to same method differently
Cross-platform
وضاحتMethods do different things based on object.
No return type
Defined as '= 0', makes class abstract
Constant time
Base only
وضاحتForces derived classes to implement it.
SRP
OCP
LSP
DIP
وضاحتSingle Responsibility Principle.
Stack
Heap
BSS
Data
وضاحتDynamic allocation on Heap.
Speed
Modules highly dependent on each other
Single responsibility
Network
وضاحتMakes code hard to maintain.
Scrum Master
Dev Team
Product Owner
Stakeholders
وضاحتProduct Owner prioritizes backlog.
UI testing
No internal knowledge
Testing based on internal logic
Security only
وضاحتInspect and execute internal code paths.
Activity
State Machine
Component
Deployment
وضاحتShows states an object goes through.
Waterfall
V-Model
RAD
Cleanroom
وضاحتRapid Application Development.
Creates objects
Provides simplified interface to complex subsystem
Single instance
State change
وضاحتActs as a wrapper hiding complexity.
One reason
Depend on abstractions
Derived substitutable for base
Segregate
وضاحتObjects of superclass replaceable with subclasses.
Waterfall
V-Model
Spiral Model
RAD
وضاحتSpiral emphasizes risk assessment.
Structural
Behavioral / Interaction
Implementation
Deployment
وضاحتModels flow of messages over time.
Same
Verify: built right; Validate: built right thing
Users vs Devs
Hardware vs Software
وضاحتVerify against specs; Validate against user needs.
Unpredictable
Project level
Standardized across organization
Quantitative
وضاحتProcesses well characterized and standardized.
Interface has vars
Abstract class can have implemented methods, pure interface cannot
Multiple inherit
Static only
وضاحتAbstract classes can provide default implementations.
Same class
Subclasses and friends
Global
Static
وضاحتAccessible within class and derived classes.
Smart pointers
'virtual' inheritance
DFS
Pure functions
وضاحتEnsures only one copy of base class instantiated.
Default
Parametrized
Copy
Move
وضاحتCreates a temporary copy.
Base to derived pointer
Derived to base pointer
Int to float
Override abstract
وضاحتConverting derived-class pointer to base-class pointer.
O(n)
O(n^2)
O(1)
O(log n)
وضاحتAmortized time is O(1).
Single Left
Single Right
Right-Left
Left-Right
وضاحتRight rotation on child, Left rotation on parent.
Dijkstra's
Kruskal's
Bellman-Ford
Tarjan's
وضاحتBellman-Ford relaxes edges V-1 times.
Y is prime
X is superkey
X is foreign key
No multi-valued
وضاحتDeterminant (X) must be a super key.
Strict releases shared anytime, Rigorous holds ALL locks until commit
Strict prevents deadlocks
Strict for distributed
No diff
وضاحتRigorous 2PL holds read and write locks until termination.
MED
Local Preference
AS-PATH
Next-Hop
وضاحتLists autonomous systems to detect loops.
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.130
192.168.1.135
192.168.1.0
وضاحتBlock size 8. Nearest multiple below 130 is 128.
No handshake
Retransmit after 3 duplicate ACKs
Use UDP
Increase window
وضاحتAvoids waiting for timeout.
Queue
Hash Map
Stack
BST
وضاحتRelies on a Stack (via DFS) for completion times.
32
64
128
256
وضاحت128 bits long.
Read Uncommitted
Read Committed
Repeatable Read
Serializable
وضاحتSerializable prevents phantom reads.
Unbalanced
Data exclusively in linked leaf nodes
2 children
Data in root
وضاحتOptimizes sequential/range queries.
O(log n)
O(n)
O(n log n)
O(n^2)
وضاحتTightly bounds to O(n) time.
Equivalent to serial
Precedence graph is acyclic
Both A and B
No deadlocks
وضاحتGraph is acyclic, equivalent to serial execution.
Router dies
Nodes communicate with AP, but cannot hear each other
SSID hidden
Encryption fails
وضاحتMitigated by RTS/CTS handshakes.
Bird scheduling
Ignoring deadlocks because they are rare
Fast disk
Cache eviction
وضاحتIgnoring exceedingly rare problems.
Moves memory
Copies faster
Casts to rvalue reference
Deletes object
وضاحتEnables move semantics.
Heap Sort
Quick Sort
Insertion Sort
Merge Sort
وضاحتMerge Sort requires O(n) auxiliary space.
N^2
N(N-1)/2
N-1
N!
وضاحتN * (N-1) / 2.
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
وضاحتSecures IP at Network Layer (Layer 3).
Stack
Array
Queue
Heap
وضاحتExplores level by level using a Queue.
O(1)
O(log n)
O(n)
O(n log n)
وضاحتDegrades to linked list, O(n).
Quick Sort
Merge Sort
Bubble Sort
Insertion Sort
وضاحتMerge sort divides and merges.
MST
Max Flow
Single-source shortest path
SCCs
وضاحتShortest path from start node to all others.
Chaining
Linear Probing
Double Hashing
Quadratic Probing
وضاحتLinear probing steps sequentially.
Primary keys
Partial dependencies
Transitive dependencies
Multi-valued attributes
وضاحتEliminates transitive dependencies.
Speed
Committed transactions survive crashes
No deletion
No interference
وضاحتSaved permanently even on power loss.
Exclusive
Update
Shared
Intent
وضاحتShared Lock.
UPDATE
INSERT
ALTER
MODIFY
وضاحتALTER TABLE.
Encryption key
Links to primary key of another table
Allows nulls
Auto-generated
وضاحتEstablishes relationship between tables.
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
وضاحتNetwork Layer (Layer 3).
DNS
DHCP
ARP
ICMP
وضاحتAddress Resolution Protocol.
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.255
وضاحت255.255.0.0.
TCP
HTTP
UDP
FTP
وضاحتUDP is connectionless, no delivery guarantee.
Star
Bus
Ring
Full Mesh
وضاحتFull Mesh.
Routing
Encryption/Compression
MAC addresses
Port numbers
وضاحتData representation, encryption, compression.
Connectionless
Connection-oriented
Unreliable
Broadcast
وضاحتRequires handshake.
21
25
80
443
وضاحتPort 443.
14
16
30
32
وضاحت2^4 - 2 = 14.
OSPF
RIP
BGP
IS-IS
وضاحتRouting Information Protocol (RIP).
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Frequently Asked Questions
Are these System Analyst (BS-18) MCQs free?
Yes. Every System Analyst (BS-18) MCQ on this page is free to practice, including the correct answer and explanation.
Do these include past-paper questions?
Yes — questions sourced from past papers are clearly marked with a "Past Paper" badge, alongside fresh practice questions.
Which exams do these System Analyst (BS-18) MCQs help with?
They are aimed at FPSC and related Pakistani competitive exams that test System Analyst (BS-18).
How should I practice subject-wise MCQs?
Attempt each question first, then reveal the answer and read the explanation. Short, focused sessions on one subject work better than long unstructured reading.